Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation using piezoelectric tuning fork mass sensors

Application of piezoelectric tuning fork mass sensors to bacterial biofilm growth evaluation is presented in this paper. Using low frequency quartz tuning forks as disposable mass sensors, the authors were able to observe various phases of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dynamics. A fully electric tuning fork resonance frequency measurement system designed by the authors offers an effective mass measurement resolution of ca. 40 pg. Presented method was sufficient to evaluate the difference between the biofilm formation potential of various P. aeruginosa strains, which is an important factor for the pathogen virulence determination. Results were verified using fluorescent assays and atomic force microscopy visualization.