A coral-like macroporous gold–platinum hybrid 3D electrode for enzyme-free glucose detection

We are introducing a macroporous Au–Pt hybrid 3D electrode to be used for enzyme-free glucose detection. The proposed hybrid electrode was fabricated with a three dimensional structure by electroplating platinum nanoparticles onto the surface of the coral-like macroporous Au. It was then physically analyzed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The porosity and window pore size of the macroporous Au electrode were 50% and 100–300 nm, respectively. The diameters of the Pt nanoparticles ranged from 10 to 15 nm. Through cyclic voltammograms in a 1 M sulfuric acid solution, we confirmed that the hybrid electrode exhibited a much larger surface activation area with a roughness factor (RF) of 2024.7 than the macroporous Au electrode with a roughness of 46.07. The highly improved surface activation area was caused by the electroplated Pt nanoparticles. The hybrid electrode exhibited a much stronger electrocatalytic activity due to glucose oxidation than the macroporous Au electrode. At 0.4 V, it responded linearly to the glucose up to 20 mM in a neutral media with a detection limit of 0.025 mM and detection sensitivity of 39.53 μA mM−1 cm−2 without being affected by interfering species. It also showed a stable recovery response to the step changes of the glucose concentration.