Whether to employ trade controls or fisheries management to conserve precious corals (Coralliidae) in the Northern Pacific Ocean

► Precious corals had been proposed to be managed through trade controls by CITES. ► Data mismatches in CITES proposal and explanations to its concerns were provided. ► Enhanced management with MCS measures are implemented in main fishing countries. ► Effect of socioeconomic factors is reviewed and should be considered appropriately.