Configurations of fluidic actuators for generating hybrid-synthetic jets

The recently introduced idea of non-zero time-mean mass flow rate synthetic jets, called hybrid-synthetic jets, has attracted interest and has already resulted in several applications. There are two basically different and seemingly mutually contradictory approaches to building the actuators for generat on of jets of this type. This paper discusses the basic principles of the actuator configurations, especially of purely fluidic actuators operating without moving components. Interestingly, it is possible to identify a common underlying topological affinity between the two approaches.