Translation as heuristics: Heisenberg׳s turn to matrix mechanics

- We provide a full rational reconstruction of Heisenberg׳s pathway to matrix mechanics.
- Our reconstruction considers a neglected context: the intensity of spectral lines.
- We use semantic and semiotic analysis to understand theory change.
- Semiotic transformation appears as the driving force for creating matrix mechanics.
- Heisenberg׳s break with classical concepts appears as a semantic reinterpretation.