Acidolysis-based component mapping of glycosaminoglycans by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with off-line electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry: Evidence and tags to distinguish different glycosaminoglycans

Diverse monosaccharide analysis methods have been established for a long time, but few methods are available for a complete monosaccharide analysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and certain acidolysis-resistant components derived from GAGs. In this report, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with pre-column 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatization was established for a complete monosaccharide analysis of GAGs. Good separation of glucosamine/mannosamine (GlcN/ManN) and glucuronic acid/iduronic acid (GlcA/IdoA) was achieved. This method can also be applied to analyze the acidolysis-resistant disaccharides derived from GAGs, and the sequences of these disaccharides were confirmed by electrospray ionization-collision-induced dissociation-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS/MS). These unique disaccharides could be used as markers to distinguish heparin/heparan sulfate (HP/HS), chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), and hyaluronic acid (HA).