Sector instruments for chemical analysis and research

- The earliest single focusing sector instruments in use in chemistry laboratories from the early days of WWII.
- Accurate mass measurement as an aid to elemental composition determination and the development of high resolution double focusing instruments.
- Methods and instrumentation to analyse metastable ion and collision induced reaction products.
- Softer ionisation techniques, the need for higher mass ranges and the introduction of tandem configurations.
- The impact of the arrival of electrospray and MALDI.