Three-dimensional cooperative guidance laws against stationary and maneuvering targets

This paper presents the cooperative strategies for salvo attack of multiple missiles based on the classical proportional navigation (PN) algorithm. The three-dimensional (3-D) guidance laws are developed in a quite simple formulation that consists of a PN component for target capture and a coordination component for simultaneous arrival. The centralized algorithms come into effect when the global information of time-to-go estimation is obtained, whereas the decentralized algorithms have better performance when each missile can only collect information from neighbors. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed coordination algorithms are feasible to perform the cooperative engagement of multiple missiles against both stationary and maneuvering targets. The effectiveness of the 3-D guidance laws is also discussed.