Genetic diversity and differentiation of the extremely dwarf Ficus tikoua in Southwestern China

► We tested the role of growth form in affecting genetic varaition of fig species. ► Microsatellites were used to analyze genetic diversity and differentiation. ► Moderate genetic diversity was found within populations of F. tikoua. ► We found high differentiation among populations compared to other dioecious figs. ► Significant isolation-by-distance pattern was observed among populations.