Comparative Study of Energy Consumption for Electric Vehicles with Various On-board Energy Storage Systems

Electric vehicles are driven by traction motor with intermittent load characteristic. The use of appropriate batteries type is a crucial factor resulting in energy consumption, battery sizing and vehicle design. This paper focuses on the comparison of energy consumption of the electric vehicles in three different energy storage systems consisting of lead-acid battery, lithium-ion battery and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) incorporating with lithium-ion battery and ultracapacitor. The mathematical approach is used to simulate three route vehicle movement which are i) New York city cycle (NYCC), ii) UN/ECE reg. 83 or extra-urban driving cycle and iii) field measured driving profile in Bangkok. Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is employed to find optimal weights of the energy storage system. The simulation results were consistent for all three routes. The lead-acid battery is heaviest weight but highest energy recovery from the regenerative braking and the energy consumption is greatly different from the others.