Potential thermochemical conversion of bioenergy from Acacia species in Brunei Darussalam: A review

As the demand for energy increases and fossil fuel resources are depleted, the search for clean sources of energy has intensified worldwide. This is coupled with a strong global desire to reduce CO2 emissions to curb global warming. Brunei Darussalam is committed to reduce its CO2 emissions but currently utilizes fossil fuels to meet almost all of its energy requirements. This situation provides good incentives to search for renewable and sustainable resources to produce energy in the country. Acacia species are exotic species that have invaded and spread to natural habitats in Brunei Darussalam. Acacia species are a sustainable source of high quality biomass feedstock to produce bioenergy in the country. Hot tropical weather of the country is highly suitable for the rapid growth of Acacias without requiring any major agricultural input. This study reviews the thermochemical conversion of Acacia species especially; Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis to produce biofuels and bio-products. The prospective of using Acacia biomass as feedstock in pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction and combustion is also discussed. Acacia biomass is a sustainable and renewable energy resource for Brunei Darussalam to be exploited for energy requirements and can be beneficial for the economy of the country by providing new investment and employment opportunities.