A review of research and developments of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems

The concept of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems emerged in the early 1990s. It has attracted increasing attention since 2000 due to its potential to facilitate the design of net-zero energy buildings through enhanced solar energy utilisation. This article presents a comprehensive review of the BIPV/T technology, including major developments of various BIPV/T systems, experimental and numerical studies, and the impact of BIPV/T system on building performance. The BIPV/T systems reviewed here are: air-based systems, water-based systems, concentrating systems and systems involving a phase change working medium such as BIPV/T with either heat pipe or heat pump evaporator. This work provides an overview of research, development, application and status of BIPV/T systems and modules. Finally, research needs and opportunities are identified.