On the estimation of the optimum tilt angle of PV panel in Saudi Arabia

The tilt angle of photovoltaic (PV) panels is a major factor affecting the amount of solar radiation falling on the panel surface. The optimum tilt angle depends on the position of the sun, latitude and local geographical characteristics. This paper investigates PV panel optimum tilt angles for various cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For simulation purposes, horizontal solar radiation data for the study cities was obtained from NASA. MATLAB software was used to optimize tilt angle by maximizing solar radiation. Experiments were conducted to validate the theoretical requirement for negative tilt angles during summer. Results demonstrate that adjusting tilt angles six times per year harvests 99.5% of the solar radiation that could be attained with daily PV panel adjustment.