Determination of the critical time of canal storage capacity controlled by cross pump stations “Case Study: Egypt, El-Salam Canal”

El-Salam Pump Stations (1) and (2) are located at 22.1 km and 54.3 km respectively at El-Salam Canal. When El-Salam Pump Station (1) is in operation, and switching off El-Salam Pump Station (2), water level rises upstream El-Salam Pump Station (2). Water level overtops El-Salam Pump Station (2) and banks upstream it. Flooding then takes place as Wadi El Noqra Canal, Egypt. This necessitates discharging the excess water to protect the pump station and the canal from water flooding when the electricity is shut down. The hydrodynamic simulation of El-Salam Canal determinates the critical time for storage capacity according to location and type of emergency spillways through the numerical model to prevent water overtopping upstream pump stations. Determination of the critical time of storage capacity is considered as a new parameter in case of the hydraulic design of the canal controlled by cross pump stations.