Electrically charged interfacial interaction based on thermodynamic jump condition

At a gas–liquid interface, there are many unknown physical and chemical phenomena related to thermodynamics, electromagnetics, hydrodynamics, and heat and mass transfer. It is very difficult to understand all these mechanisms in detail; therefore, modeling the gas–liquid interface is one of the key issues in interfacial phenomena of multiphase flows. In our previous study, we developed a new gas–liquid interfacial model based on thermodynamics and a mathematical approach. In that study, we derived a new equation of free energy based on the lattice gas model, including the influence of an electric double layer on the interface caused by contamination. Then, an interfacial jump condition at the gas–liquid interface treated by thermodynamics was derived on the basis of our interfacial model. In this study, we analytically discuss the interfacial interaction on the basis of the thermodynamic jump condition on the macroscopic scale. Finally, we reveal the force vector fields on the gas–liquid interface depending on an electric potential. The result implies that contamination at the interface is very important to interfacial interaction.