Nickel–zinc ferrite fabricated by sol–gel route and application in high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage for voltage sag solving

Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles of well controlled electromagnetic properties can be obtained through some chemical methods. In this study, the fine particles of Ni–Zn ferrite were prepared and fabricated using sol–gel route at low and high temperatures. The results gathered from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the amount of single-phase spinel ferrite constituents could be formed at a temperature below 400 °C. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) and the analyses using the microscopic photomicrographs were used to identify the formation of Ni–Zn spinel ferrite. The initial magnetic permeability showed that the inductance of the fabricated ferrite cores was of the highest value. Therefore, a laboratory coil equipped with a high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage (HT-SMES) was designed. The theoretical analysis of the torus with rectangular shaped coils was also carried out, and for this, a consideration for the average magnetic field inside the torus was used to calculate the inductance of the shape. Using uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and power conditioning system (PCS) which give details of the application of μ-SMES in solving voltage sag, a schematic diagram is also reported.