The electrode effect on polar molecule dominated electrorheological fluids

The polar molecule dominated electrorheological (PM-ER) fluids are based on the interaction of polar molecule-charge in between the particles, of which the yield stress can be orders higher than that of conventional ER fluids. In the case of PM-ER fluids unlike conventional ER fluids the surfaces of ordinary metallic electrodes can no longer satisfy the boundary condition. A slide must occur at the interface between PM-ER fluids and electrodes leading to the much lower measured shear stress than its intrinsic value. According to the principle of PM-ER fluids modified electrodes are designed for increasing the adhesion of fluids to the electrodes and weakening the slide in shearing. Ions induced in the ER fluids are much harmful to the application of modified electrodes and should be avoided.