Ptaquiloside-induced, B-cell lymphoproliferative and early-stage urothelial lesions in mice

► ptaquiloside is a carcinogenic toxin from bracken (P. aquilinum). ► 12 male CD-1 mice were dosed with ptaquiloside intraperitoneally for 15 weeks. ► a lymphoproliferative malignancy arose in 100% of animals and was shown to be of the B-cell type. ► urothelial dysplasia was found in 80% animals. ► CD-1 mice are susceptible to ptaquiloside-induced bladder lesions.