Homozygous HLA-C1 is Associated with Reduced Risk of Relapse after HLA-Matched Transplantation in Patients with Myeloid Leukemia

- Missing KIR2DL1 ligands were associated with a lower relapse incidence in HLA-matched HSCT for AML or CML, but not for low-grade MDS or ALL.
- HLA-C1/C1 recipients with AML or CML showed an advantage irrespective of donor relation, preparative regimen, occurrence of acute GVHD, or CMV reactivation.
- This advantage of HLA-C1/C1 over HLA-C1/C2 was most pronounced in T cell- depleted HSCT and in children age <15 years.