Insights into the role of estrogen-related receptors α, β and γ in tumor Leydig cells

These results revealed, ERRs indirectly regulate Leydig cell proliferation while ERRα and β affect cell monolayer formation. ERRs interact with canonical and membrane estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, and GPER), androgen receptor, metalloproteinase (MMP 9), protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 (Notch2). Depending on the type of ERR knocked down, coupled with estradiol treatment, changes in progesterone concentration and cGMP and Ca2+ concentrations constitute a microenvironment that may effect tumor Leydig cell characteristics. ERRs should be considered important factors in developing of innovating approaches that target pathological processes of testicular Leydig cells.