Dog- and owner-related risk factors for consideration of euthanasia or rehoming before a referral behavioral consultation and for euthanizing or rehoming the dog after the consultation

The objective of our research was to identify pet-, owner-, and environment-related risk factors for euthanasia or rehoming of dogs presenting to a veterinary behavioral service. In this retrospective clinical study, we examined 302 patient records for dog and owner demographics, presenting complaints, clinical diagnoses, home environment, behavioral and medical history, and disposition of the patient at 3 and 6 months after visit. Data were analyzed for the association of pet-, owner-, and environment-related factors with (A) owners having considered euthanasia before the behavioral consultation; (B) owners having considered either rehoming or euthanasia before the consultation; (C) owners having rehomed or euthanized the dog up to 3 months after the consultation; (D) owners having rehomed or euthanized the dog 6 months after the consultation. In order to individuate the risk factors for rehoming and euthanasia, logistic regression analysis was conducted on pet-, owner-, and environment-related factors significantly associated (P < 0.05) with A, B, C, and D. Canine variables associated with a greater risk of rehoming or euthanasia and/or the owners considering rehoming or euthanasia included heavier weight; mixed breed; aggression to familiar people over resources, resting places, or when groomed/medicated; aggression to unfamiliar people during interactions; a history of biting; and living in a family with children aged 13-17 years. Associated owner variables included the use of punishment-based training and previous consultation with a nonveterinary behaviorist or trainer. Several pet-, owner-, and environment-related factors, other than the behavioral problem itself, can increase the likelihood of rehoming and euthanasia. These findings can provide an indication to closely follow-up with owners after the behavioral consultation to minimize the likelihood of actual rejection of the dog.