Chicken macrophages infected with Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis or S. Heidelberg produce differential responses in immune and metabolic signaling pathways

Protein kinases act in coordination with phosphatases to control protein phosphorylation and regulate signaling pathways and cellular processes involved in nearly every functions of cell life. Salmonella are known to manipulate the host kinase network to gain entrance and survive inside host cells. The effect of Salmonella infection on the host kinase network has been studied in mammalian cells, but information is largely lacking in chicken immune cells. Our previous study indicated that chicken macrophage cells respond differentially to different Salmonella strains. In order to better understand the interaction between chicken macrophages and Salmonella, we used a peptide array-based kinome analysis to identify cellular process and signaling pathways that may play a critical role in the outcome of Salmonella infection. The kinome assay was performed on chicken HD11 macrophages collected at 1.5, 3, and 7 h post-infection (hpi) with either S. Heidelberg or S. Enteritidis. A large number of peptides show significantly changed phosphorylation (p ≤ 0.05) during the infection: 390, 449, and 575 peptides for S. Enteritidis and 185, 470, and 442 for S. Heidelberg at 1.5, 3, and 7 hpi, respectively. Many pathways involved in immunity, signal transduction, cellular process, and metabolism were significantly altered, in some case differentially, during the infection by the two Salmonella strains. Particularly, effects on lysosome process, iNOS, CARD9, NLRP3, and MAPK pathway provide significant insight to the inter play between pathogens and chicken macrophage cells during the infection.