High-impact Weathers in a Changing Climate over Arid Eurasia and Proactive Disaster Management

Drylands in the middle-high latitudes (such as seen in Eurasia) have a severe environment coupled with an arid and cold climate; the livelihood of people inhabiting drylands has long been repeatedly jeopardized by meteorological disasters that occur in such a climate. The present review paper aims (1) to provide an overview of synoptic conditions and dynamics of extreme high-impact weathers (HIWs) such as dust storm, dzud (harsh winter conditions), and drought over arid Eurasiaand (2) to propose a methodology towards estimating the risk of extreme HIWs and developing an early warning system of the meteorological disasters as their proactive management.This paper also outlines a new project “Integrating Dryland Disaster Science” that has been implemented to propose a countermeasure against the combined impacts of multiple dryland disastersfor FY2013–2017 under the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research program supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.