Conservation of degraded wetland system of Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, India

The most common threats to wetlands and the Keoladeo National Park are water scarcity, changing biodiversity, increasing rate of contamination, uncontrolled growth of grass, urbanization and human intervention. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the degradation and conservation of biotic part of the park through a reaction diffusion modeling. The biotic part of wetland is divided into three categories good biomass, bad biomass, and bird population. Good biomasses are those species that provide food for bird population and contain floating vegetation, fishses, waterfowl and useful species. Bad biomasses contain Paspalum distichum and its family that affect the growth of good biomass. The interaction between good biomass and bird population is considered to be Crowley-Martin type functional response. We have presented the theoretical analysis of stability and Turing instability. With the help of numerical simulations, we have observed spatial patterns for the wetland model system. This study demonstrates that spatial heterogeneity, diffusion coefficients and per capita availability of water to bad biomass play an important role on the dynamical behavior of the model system. Also, we have pointed out the parameters that are responsible for the bad health of wetland ecosystem and suggested enhancing the water supply, decontamination and optimizing the land use structure for sustaining ecological balance and socio-economic stability of a region.