Soil properties along altitudinal gradient in Himalayan temperate forest of Garhwal region

The aim of the present study was to analyse the soil properties in different seasons at varying altitudes. The study was carried out in Dhanaulti forest, falls under temperate region of Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand State, India. Physical properties and chemical properties of the soil were estimated using all standard procedures. In the present study, sand particles were reported highest (77.21%) in rainy season followed by in summer (70.17%) and winter (63.15%) seasons. The silt and clay particles also followed similar trend as sand which reduced in order of rainy > summer > winter seasons. The water holding capacity of soil ranged from 62.13 to 67.70%. The majority of soils were dark brown to dark yellowish brown in colour, which is considered having higher potential of water holding capacity. The values of nitrogen ranged between 0.01 to 0.012% (upper altitude), 0.009 to 0.011% (middle altitude) and 0.007 to 0.011% (lower altitude). The effects of altitudes and seasons in nitrogen show significant variation. Potassium ranged between 102.29 and 206.22 kg ha− 1. The combined effect of season and soil-depth also showed significant variation in level of potassium. The soil organic carbon values were between 0.14 and 0.19% and pH values ranged between 6.33 and 6.75 which was slightly acidic in nature.