Forest humus forms in Italy: a research approach

The environmental factors driving humus form differentiation in Italian forest soils were investigated for Moder, Mull and Amphi models, highlighting the high relative weight of tree species as a predictor. Specific soil-plant-litter- nutrient flow effects were evidenced, representing a direct influence of tree species on humus form development. The effect of parent material on pedofauna activity and composition appeared to be fundamental with key role played by calcium and phosphorus. Specific pathways leading to the evolution of Amphi, a major humus form in Italy, were discussed.