Human performance in polar environments

An overview of the physical, psychological, social, and coping aspects of living and working in polar regions is presented, assessing findings from both expedition teams and work groups. A personal narrative describing the experiences of a polar expeditioner is interspersed in relevant sections to provide a deeper understanding of the challenges of performing in an extreme environment. The application of findings from polar environments as an analog for space missions is discussed. We conclude that further research is needed on the integration of psychosocial and neurobehavioral adaptation. Furthermore, it is important to consider both the positive as well as negative features of living and working in polar and other extreme environments, and develop training strategies and countermeasure tools to optimize performance in these conditions.

► There is little support for a predictable negative mood time phase in polar regions.
► Specific groups differ in the pathway to adaptive group functioning.
► Single vs. mixed-gender groups tend to function in different ways.
► Positive aspects of performing in polar environments need greater emphasis.
► Polar research requires integration of psychosocial and neurobehavioral factors.