Combustion and emission characteristics of E85 and diesel blend in conventional diesel engine operating in PPCI mode

Practical results showed that a significant improvement could be achieved in the NOx-PM trade-off. The ignition delay period can be increased by using a low-CN fuel accompanied with a low oxygen intake charge. When using the PPCI system, low levels of NOx and PM can be achieved without affecting the brake thermal efficiency of the engine. Smoke can be reduced even when the EGR percentage is increased under a mixed condition. ED10 (90% E85 + 10% diesel) had the largest decline in NOx (84.66%) and smoke (55.8%) compared to diesel.