Process intensification - Overcoming impediments to heat and mass transfer enhancement when solids are present, via the IbD project

This paper, after giving an extensive introduction to the concept of PI, gives information on some of the intensified technologies that might be applied to the sectors targeted in the IbD study - which include pharmaceuticals, mineral and metal processing, ceramics and chemical reactions in the presence of solids - in order to overcome problems of fouling, while striving for better product quality and ultimately more decentralised production.