Floating storage and regasification units face specific LNG rollover challenges: Consideration of saturated vapor pressure provides insight and mitigation options

This study provides in-depth analysis of FSRU rollovers based on observations of more than twenty rollovers on many different FSRU. The analysis focuses on LNG saturated vapor pressure (SVP) rather than the traditional approach of focusing on boil-off rate (BOG). This approach allows efficient rollover management without any in-built rollover prevention means. Strategies are developed for managing a combination of FSRU tanks utilizing rollover prevention and mitigation actions, as well as efficient pre-planning for LNG stock management. Novel rules of thumb for predicting time to rollover onset, based on many observed FSRU rollovers provide operators with real-time insight to what rollover preventive and mitigating actions are effective in specific circumstances.