Dietary red palm oil improves reperfusion cardiac function in the isolated perfused rat heart of animals fed a high cholesterol diet

It has been shown that dietary red palm oil (RPO) supplementation improved reperfusion function. However, no exact protective cellular mechanisms have been established. Our aim was to search for a possible cellular mechanism and a role for fatty acids. Rats were fed a standard rat chow, plus cholesterol and/or RPO-supplementation for 6 weeks. Functional recovery, myocardial phospholipid and cAMP/cGMP levels were determined in isolated rat hearts subjected to 25 min of normothermic total global ischaemia. Dietary RPO in the presence of cholesterol improved aortic output (AO) recovery (63.2±3.06%, P<0.05) vs. cholesterol only (36.5±6.2%). The improved functional recovery in hearts supplemented with RPO vs. control was preceded by an elevation in the cGMP levels early in ischaemia (RPO 132.9±36.3% vs. control 42.7±24.4%, P<0.05). Concurrently, cAMP levels decreased (RPO −8.3±6.9% vs. control 19.9±7.7%, P<0.05). Our data suggest that dietary RPO-supplementation improved reperfusion AO through mechanisms that may include activation of the NO-cGMP and inhibition of the cAMP pathway.