Valosine-containing proteins (VCP) in an annelid: Identification of a novel spermatogenesis related factor

Two cDNAs similar to mammalian valosine-containing proteins (VCPs) were isolated from the common lumbricid earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). The primary sequences, referred to as eVCP-1 and eVCP-2, display a similarity of 74%. Despite of the variable C-termini, both eVCPs have a conserved intron/exon organization spanning 14 kb, which is also conserved to their mammalian counterparts. Although this finding strongly suggests VCPs have a common ancestral origin, phylogenetic analysis predicts that eVCP-2 may be distinct. An investigation by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that, whilst evcp-1 was ubiquitously expressed during all developmental stages, evcp-2 was specifically expressed in the anterior segments of sexually mature earthworms. In situ hybridization clearly demonstrated that evcp-2 is expressed in the seminal vesicles, the location of spermatogenesis, and more precisely within the cytophores surrounded by secondary spermatocytes or spermatids. Taken together, this evidence leads to the notion that eVCP-2 is a likely component involved in the final modulation of spermatogenesis.