What factors make rail trails successful as tourism attractions? Developing a conceptual framework from relevant literature

Some outdoor recreational trails are becoming significant tourism drawcards for destinations where they exist. One segment of this growing collection of destination trails is rail trails. Converted from abandoned railway lines, these outdoor recreational trails are being developed by local government bodies and community groups in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. Advocates for rail trails argue that their development provides opportunities to conserve heritage assets, provide recreational opportunities for local people and attract tourists to their regions. This article proposes a framework that identifies factors that potentially contribute to the success of these types of trails as tourism attractions. Whilst little research has been done in this area, there are various studies in the broader tourism attractions literature that offer clues as to what some of these success factors might be. This study examines this literature as well as research in other relevant disciplines, such as recreation, park management and leisure to construct a framework that might be relevant. The applicability of the framework is examined by considering iconic destination rail trails in Australia, New Zealand and America.Management implicationsSome rail trails are emerging as significant tourism attractions in destinations. Understanding what makes them successful as tourism attractions should be especially useful for the multitude of individuals and organisations that are responsible for planning, managing or advocating for rail trails or other outdoor recreation based trails, especially those with tourism aspirations for their trail. The framework identifies the following factors as being relevant:●The long distance linear nature of rail trails means that some form of cooperation between stakeholders is essential.●A systematic professional approach to marketing is very important. Organisations with specialist skills and knowledge in these areas should be responsible for managing this aspect of the trail.●A focus by management and relevant stakeholders on the visitor experience - pre, during and post is critical.●Sustainable forms of funding for ongoing trail maintenance and development is essential.●Local community support through the provision of services (private and public) is required. Non-profit groups can provide a focal point for community engagement.●Linkages with secondary attractions add to the visitor experience.●Gateway towns or hubs provide entry and exit points and the provision of services such as accommodation, restaurants, bike hire and information.●Interpretation of unique trail features such as railway heritage is a key component of the visitor experience.●Private enterprise is often pivotal in co-creating the experience with visitors.