Urban youth׳s experiences of nature: Implications for outdoor adventure recreation

This study examined ways in which urban youth participating in a long-term outdoor adventure recreation program (N=36) perceived and experienced nature. Participants were ages 14–19 and had attended monthly group outings for 3–7 years (median=5.3). Small group and individual interviews were used to obtain data related to their involvement in the program. On the negative side, urban youth associated nature with fear and danger; dirt, disgust, and discomfort; and physical endurance and challenge. On the positive side, they associated nature with fun and enjoyment, a contrast with everyday living, and a place that deserves respect. Former experience in the program helped shape positive views, a realistic understanding of risks, and a greater appreciation of nature. Findings support previous work in this area and call for additional research to understand human–nature interactions and beliefs in the early part of the life span, particularly for youth with limited experience in outdoor settings.Management implicationsIn order to improve the outcomes associated with long-term outdoor adventure programs, leaders and staff should acknowledge that youth attending these programs differ in their perceptions and experiences of nature. They should make an effort to understand youth׳s predominant views, both positive and negative. Staff should recognize how their own perceptions of nature may differ from perceptions of the youth and be cognizant of messages they give about nature. Programming can be designed to help transition youth to more positive and realistic views through experiences that youth regard as safe and non-threatening. Activities can start locally and gradually progress to more challenging outdoor environments such as woods, streams, and trails where a more meaningful involvement with nature is possible, and a perception of greater adventure can be conveyed. Additionally, staff should be aware of group dynamics and messages that peers give to one another throughout the recreational experience. Debriefing sessions and discussions can provide opportunities for youth to talk about their perceptions of nature and examine how their views may differ from family members and peers not participating in outdoor recreation.