IQs in Italy are higher in the north: A reply to Felice and Giugliano

Criticisms advanced by Felice and Giugliano (2011) of the thesis that IQs in Italy are higher in the north than in the south are answered and new data confirming the thesis are given from the PISA 2009 study and for math and reading abilities in the recent INVALSI study. New genetic data are given showing higher frequency of blond hair the haplogroup xR1 allele and the haplogroup E1b1b allele as markers for greater percentage northern and central European ancestry in northern Italian regions.

► Responds to Felice and Giugliano (2011) criticisms of north–south Italian IQs.
► Presents new data confirming these differences.
► Presents new data for a greater percentage of north European genes in north Italy.