Inchoativity meets the Perfect Time Span: The Niuean perfect

• Semantic analysis of the perfect aspect kua in Niuean (Polynesian).
• Kua allows experiential and resultative readings and has current relevance effects.
• Kua disallows universal perfect readings and induces inchoative readings on states.
• Kua is an inchoativizer which puts a change-of-state inside the Perfect Time Span.
• Steps toward a cross-linguistic typology of perfects.

This paper presents a semantic analysis of the perfect aspect in Niuean (Polynesian). We argue based on novel data that the Niuean perfect shares many properties with the English perfect, but also several striking differences. The Niuean perfect disallows universal perfect readings, can induce inchoative readings, and with some event-types allows present in-progress readings.We analyze the Niuean perfect as introducing inchoative semantics: it adds an initial change-of-state to the predicate to which it attaches, and places that change-of-state inside the Perfect Time Span. Our findings cast doubt on a model of grammar whereby lexical aspectual operations such as inchoativization are strictly separated from viewpoint aspectual operations such as the perfect. We argue for a flexible approach whereby different components of meaning (inchoativity, a Perfect Time Span restriction, current relevance effects) can be introduced at different levels and combined in different ways by languages to produce surface cross-linguistic variation.