Impact of living arrangements and nationality on food habits and nutrient intakes in young adults

The influence of living arrangements and nationality on nutrient intakes and food habits and beliefs were explored in young adults. Two hundred and thirty-two participants (20.4 ± 2.8 years) completed a food questionnaire and two 24-h food records. Sixty-nine percent were living at home, and 72% described their nationality as Australian. Most participants performed their own food preparation (84%); those living away from home were significantly more likely to purchase and prepare their meals than those living at home, and no differences were observed between nationalities. The importance of healthy eating behaviours was recognised by over 80% of participants, with no differences observed between living arrangements or nationalities. Those living away from home and those who identified themselves as Australian consumed significantly more alcoholic drinks than those living at home and non-Australians. Eighty-four percent perceived their diets as healthy, however high saturated fat (13.4 ± 3.9% energy) and sodium (2382 ± 1166 mg) and low fibre (23 ± 9 g) diets were consumed. Overall, few differences were observed between nationalities indicating assimilation of food cultures. Future interventions need to address the disconnect between nutrition knowledge and behaviour, irrespective of living arrangements and need to be appropriate for a range of nationalities.

Research highlights
► Participants living away from home were more likely to engage in food preparation.
► Non-Australian's consumed less alcoholic beverages than Australians.
► No other differences in food habits were observed between nationalities.
► Excess fat and sodium intakes were observed despite awareness of dietary guidelines.