A typology of middle managers in modern Russia: An intracultural puzzle

We argue that the rapid economic changes following the collapse of the Soviet Union have led to the emergence of distinct categories of middle managers in modern Russia. We use age, education and work experience to explain how four categories of Russian middle managers evolved. We also use Hofstede's (1980) cultural dimensions to describe the differences in cultural values across our four category typology, and offer a series of testable hypotheses that reflect these differences. We conclude with practical implications for multi-national corporations by addressing how differences among these Russian middle-manager groups call for variations in HRM practices.