Multicultural tensions in the military? Evidence from the Netherlands armed forces

Since western societies are threatened by culture-related terrorist attacks, multicultural attitudes are changing and intercultural tensions induce ethnic groups to stand opposite towards each other. This renders ethnic and cultural diversity an important subject for research, not only in society at large, but also in the specific context of the military. This article presents the findings of a study amongst military and civilian personnel of the Dutch armed forces, focusing on their attitudes towards multiculturalism, acculturation orientation, diversity policy measurements and its effects. Subsequently the study compares these findings with the results of a similar study conducted 5 years ago. Results show that defence personnel are not overtly supportive of multiculturalism. However, they are in favour of diversity policy measures and its perceived consequences. In comparison with 5 years earlier, in particular the multicultural attitude has changed, and has become less supportive. Regarding acculturation attitudes, employees of the Dutch armed forces prefer the assimilation strategy when it concerns the public context. As for the private context, they are somewhat more reserved. However for the larger part separation is preferred.