What expenditure does Anglosphere foreign borrowing fund?

• Examines expenditure that foreign borrowing by the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand finances.
• Investigates key predictors of foreign borrowing using a bivariate predictive regression approach.
• Anglosphere foreign borrowing has mainly funded investment rather than consumption except for the United States.

This paper examines the extent to which foreign borrowing funds private investment, consumption and government expenditure in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand (the Anglosphere), advanced economies which have been the world's largest international borrowers since 1990. Using a bivariate predictive regression model, we estimate the relative importance of these expenditure aggregates as predictors of their external deficits, and hence foreign borrowing. Overall, based on quarterly macroeconomic data for the period 1990–2011, the evidence suggests that foreign borrowing has not financed higher household consumption in these economies over recent decades, with the possible exception of the United States. While results concerning government spending are mixed due to policy reaction, business cycle and public-private saving offset effects, strong results for private investment augur well for the sustainability of this grouping's foreign borrowing.