Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of 1,3-bisubstituted and 1,3,9-trisubstituted β-carboline derivatives

A series of novel 1,3-bisubstituted and 1,3,9-trisubstituted β-carboline derivatives was synthesized from the starting material l-tryptophan. Cytotoxic activities of these compounds were investigated in vitro. The results showed that 1,3,9-trisubstituted β-carboline derivatives had higher cytotoxic activities in vitro than the corresponding 1,3-bisubstituted compounds. Among all the synthesized 1,3,9-trisubstituted β-carboline derivatives, the compounds with a methyl substituent at position-1 displayed more potent cytotoxic activities, furthermore compound 5e having an ethoxycarbonyl substituent at position-3 and a pentafluorobenzyl at position-9, respectively, was found to be the most potent compounds of this series with IC50 value of 4 uM against BGC-823 cell lines. These data suggested that (1) the cytotoxic potencies of β-carboline derivatives were enhanced by the introduction of appropriate substituents into position-1 and position-9 in β-carboline; (2) the β-carboline structure might be an important basis for the design and synthesis of new antitumor drugs; (3) the methyl substituent at position-1, the pentafluorobenzyl group at position-9 and the ethoxycarbonyl substituent at position-3 were the optimal combination for the improvement of cytotoxic activity of the β-carboline derivatives.