An experimental study and numerical modeling of laterally loaded regular and finned pile foundations in sandy soils

A significant objective in the design and implementation of capable and cost-effective pile foundations is the enhancement of their lateral capacity when lateral load is applied. This study offers a nonlinear 3D analysis of pile-soil interaction. The ways that piles behave are examined in this research, with a sequence of laboratory model tests conducted to develop p-y curves of laterally loaded finned and regular piles in multilayered sandy soil from Karbala city in Iraq. To clarify the effects of group interaction, pile type, pile group patterns, and spacing ratios were analyzed, and from the investigational tests, p-multipliers values were identified.