
Threshold concentrations of biomass and iron for pressure drop increase in spiral-wound membrane elements
Keywords: Spiral-wound membranes; Biofouling; NPD; Biomass; ATP; Carbohydrates; Fe; Threshold valuesAOC, assimilable organic carbon; ATP, Adenosinetriphosphate; CH, carbohydrates; EPS, extracellular polymeric substances; FS, feed spacer; HPC, heterotrophic colony p