
Keywords: مدل اسپرت ورقه ای است; FEM; finite element method; LSM; lattice spring model; LBM; lattice beam model; RPM; random particle model; CSL; confinement-shear lattice model; LCM; lattice-cell model; DLSM; distinct lattice spring model; VCPM; volume-compensated particle model; DPM; d