Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; TF, transcription factor; HR, hypersensitive response; NB-LRR, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat; TIR, toll/interleukin-1 receptor; CC, coiled coil; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; M/PAMP, microbe/pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PTI, PAMP
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Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; ACS, accelerated cell senescence; GSR, global solar radiation; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; HR, hypersensitive response; IAG, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences; O3, ozone; OB, oxidative burst; PCD, programed cell death; RH, relative
Cell death-inducing stresses are required for defense activation in DS1-phosphatidic acid phosphatase-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; ETI, effector-triggered immunity; GUS, β-glucuronidase; HA, hemagglutinin; HR, hypersensitive response; PA, phosphatidic acid; PAP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PLC, phosphol
Evaluation of actin cytoskeleton in non-host resistance of pepper to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici stress
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Actin cytoskeleton; Non-host resistance; Stripe rust; Hypersensitive responseNHR, Non-host resistance; ADF, actin depolymerizing factor; HR, hypersensitive response; Lat B, Latrunculin B; hai, hours after inoculation; Pst, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. trit
Accumulation of transcription factors and cell signaling-related proteins in the nucleus during citrus–Xanthomonas interaction
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Citrus; 2DE; Nano-LC MS/MS; Pathogens; Proteome analysis; Xanthomonashpi, hours post infiltration; HR, hypersensitive response; JA, jasmonic acid; NHR, non-host resistance; PR, pathogenesis-related protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SA, salicylic acid
Role of dioxygenase α-DOX2 and SA in basal response and in hexanoic acid-induced resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants against Botrytis cinerea
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; DAB, 3,3′-diaminobencidine; α-DOX2, α-dioxygenase2; ABA, abscisic acid; ET, ethylene; Hx, hexanoic acid; Hx-IR, hexanoic acid-induced resistance; hpi, hours post-inoculation; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; HR, hypersensitive response; IR, induced resistance; IS
The tomato phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C2 (SlPLC2) is required for defense gene induction by the fungal elicitor xylanase
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; cPTIO, 2-(4-carboxyphenylalanine) 4,4,5,5 tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, potassium salt; DAF-FM-DA, 3-Amino,4-aminomethyl-2′,7′-difluorescein diacetate; DAG, diacylglycerol; DGK, diacylglycerol kinase; HR, hypersensitive response; IP3, inositol 1,
Different tobacco retrotransposons are specifically modulated by the elicitor cryptogein and reactive oxygen species
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NtrbohD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–oxidase D; HR, hypersensitive response; TE, transposable elementRetrotransposons; Cryptogein; NtrbohD; ROS; Tobacco; Defense reactions
The dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase gene BCE2 participates in basal resistance against Phytophthora infestans in potato and Nicotiana benthamiana
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; BCE2, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase E2 subunit; cDNA-AFLP, cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism; dpi, days post inoculation; E3, Solanum tuberosum cv. E-potato 3; HR, hypersensitive response; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; hpi, hours post inocu
Tomato susceptibility to Fusarium crown and root rot: Effect of grafting combination and proteomic analysis of tolerance expression in the rootstock
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Disease management; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici; Grafting; Plant growth; ProteomicsFORL, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici; HR, hypersensitive response; FCRR, Fusarium crown and root rot; DI, disease incidence; SS, severity s
Dimerization and protease resistance: New insight into the function of PR-1
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; BSA, bovine serum albumin; HR, hypersensitive response; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; Lt-SDS-PAGE, low temperature-SDS-PAGE; PCD, programmed cell death; PCK1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; SP, signal peptide; Y2H, yeast two-hybrid; WT, wild typeCommon
Interspecific somatic hybrids Solanum villosum (+) S. tuberosum, resistant to Phytophthora infestans
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Avr gene, avirulence gene; CF, culture filtrate; cvs, cultivars; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; GISH, genomic in situ hybridization; HR, hypersensitive response; NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium; R gene, resistance gene;
Systemic acquired resistance in Cavendish banana induced by infection with an incompatible strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; BTH, benzothiadiazole; ET, ethylene; ETI, effector-triggered immunity; Foc, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; FW, fresh weight; HR, hypersensitive response; IAA, indoleacetic acid; INA, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid; ISR, induced systemic resistance; JA,
Characterization of Citrus sinensis transcription factors closely associated with the non-host response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; CFU, colony forming units; Ctr, negative control; DAB, 3-3diaminobenzidine; EST, expressed sequence tag; HR, hypersensitive response; JA, jasmonic acid; LCD, localized cell death; pi, post infiltration; PR, pathogenesis-related protein; ROS, reactive oxyg
Changes in spatial and temporal gene expression during incompatible interaction between common bean and anthracnose pathogen
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; CNGC, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel; Cq, cycle of quantification; GL, germin-like; HAI, hours after inoculation; HR, hypersensitive response; JA, jasmonic acid; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; PGI, polygalac
A novel Sec14 phospholipid transfer protein from Nicotiana benthamiana is up-regulated in response to Ralstonia solanacearum infection, pathogen associated molecular patterns and effector molecules and involved in plant immunity
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; ETI, effector-triggered immunity; HAI, hour after infiltration; HR, hypersensitive response; NbSEC14, Nicotiana benthamiana SEC14; SFHs, Sec14 homologues; PAMPs, pathogen associated molecular patterns; PATL, patelin proteins; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PCR,
Proteomic analysis of susceptible rice plants expressing the whole plant-specific resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae: Involvement of a thaumatin-like protein
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Rice blast; Magnaporthe oryzae; Resistance; Proteomics; Thaumatin-like proteinABA, Abscisic acid; CBB, Coomassie brilliant blue; HR, Hypersensitive response; WPSR, Whole plant-specific resistance
Progeny of tobacco mosaic virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum plants exhibit trans-generational changes in metabolic profiles
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Avr, avirulence gene; GC–MS, chromatography–mass spectrometry; HR, hypersensitive response; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; PC, the progeny of control plants; PI, the progeny of infected plants; R, resistance gene; SAR, systemic acquired resistance; TMV,
Phytoalexin transgenics in crop protection—Fairy tale with a happy end?
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; CHS, chalcone synthase; HR, hypersensitive response; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; PR, pathogenesis related; PAMP, pathogen- associated molecular patterns; ROS, reactive oxygen species
Identification of an amino acid residue required for differential recognition of a viral movement protein by the Tomato mosaic virus resistance gene Tm-22
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Avr, avirulence; CC–NB-ARC–LRR, coiled-coil/nucleotide binding-ARC/leucine-rich repeat; HR, hypersensitive response; MP, movement protein; PVX, Potato virus X; R gene, resistance gene; ToMV, Tomato mosaic virusMovement protein; Tm-2; Tm-22; Tomato mosaic
Peroxynitrite formation and function in plants
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; APF, aminophenyl fluorescein; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; HR, hypersensitive response; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; OASA1, O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase A1; PrxIIE, peroxiredoxin IIE; PstAvrB, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato carrying the AvrB avi
Detection of peroxynitrite accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during the hypersensitive defense response
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; APF, aminophenyl fluorescein; HR, hypersensitive response; Prx IIE, peroxiredoxin IIE; Pst AvrB, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato carrying the AvrB avirulence gene; SIN-1, 3-(4-morpholinyl) sydnonimine hydrochloride; cPTIO, carboxy-2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetrame
Dual role of nitric oxide in Solanum spp.–Oidium neolycopersici interactions
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; DAF-FM DA, 4-amino-5-(N-methylamino)-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate; hpi, hours post inoculation; HR, hypersensitive response; l-NAME, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; PR proteins, pa
Role of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant enzymes in the interaction between a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans, and oilseed rape
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; CAT, catalase; dai, days after inoculation; GPX, guaiacol dependent peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; HR, hypersensitive response; PCD, programmed cell death; PX, peroxidase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide di
Molecular evolution of two duplicated CDPK genes CPK7 and CPK12 in grass species: A case study in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; CDPKs, calcium-dependent protein kinases; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; ABA, abscisic acid; HR, hypersensitive response; NT, nulli-tetrasomic; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time RT-PCR; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MYA, million years ago; LRT,
The role of a putative peroxisomal-targeted epoxide hydrolase of Nicotiana benthamiana in interactions with Colletotrichum destructivum, C. orbiculare or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; EH, epoxide hydrolase; EH1, epoxide hydrolase group 1; EH2, epoxide hydrolase group 2; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HPI, hours post inoculation; HR, hypersensitive response; MEME, Multiple Expectation Maximization for Motif Elicitation; NbEF-1α, Nicoti
Calcium influx is required for the initiation of the hypersensitive response of Triticum aestivum to Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Calcium influx; Transmission electron microscope; Potassium pyroantimonate precipitation; Triticum aestivum; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici[Ca2+]cyt, cytosolic free calcium concentrations; HR, hypersensitive response; L10, Lovrin 10; SSV, sub-stomatal v
Cytochemical localization of reactive oxygen species (O2− and H2O2) and peroxidase in the incompatible and compatible interaction of wheat – Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Wheat; Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Erikss.; O2−; H2O2; Peroxidase; CytochemistryROS, reactive oxygen species; DAB, 3,3-diaminobenzidine; NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium; HR, hypersensitive response; dai, days after inoculation; CAB, sodium caco
StPUB17, a novel potato UND/PUB/ARM repeat type gene, is associated with late blight resistance and NaCl stress
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; ABA, abscisic acid; ACRE, Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited; ARM, armadillo; ETH, ethylene; HR, hypersensitive response; IE, infection efficiency; LGR, lesion growth rate; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; ORF, open reading frame; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PTGS, post-tran
Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to quantitatively monitor early symbiosis- and pathogenesis-induced changes of the Medicago truncatula root proteome
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Ae, A. euteiches-infected; AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; hpi, hours post inoculation; HR, hypersensitive response; MtGI, (DFCI) Medicago truncatula Gene Index (v9.0, at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, U.S.A.); myc, myco
Amino acid recovery does not prevent susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae in nitrate reductase double-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Arg, arginine; cfu, colony forming units; DAF-2, 4,5-diaminofluorescein; Gln, glutamine; HR, hypersensitive response; NO, nitric oxide; NR, nitrate reductase; Psm, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolaAmino acid content; Arabidopsis thaliana; nia1 nia2 muta
An oxidative stress response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is rapid and complex in Arabidopsis thaliana
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; ABA, abscisic acid; AsA, ascorbate; CAT, catalase; DAB, diaminobenzidine; DTNB, dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid; EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; GSH, glutathione; HR, hypersensitive response; MDA, malondialdehyde; MS medium
Biophysical investigations on the aggregation and thermal unfolding of harpinPss and identification of leucine-zipper-like motifs in harpins
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; HR, hypersensitive response; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; CD, circular dichroism; DLS, dynamic light scattering; CR, Congo red; SOPMA, Self-Optimized Prediction Method from Alingnments; ∆Hc, change in calorimetric enthalpy; ∆Hv, change in van't
The targeting of plant cellular systems by injected type III effector proteins
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; ABA, abscisic acid; CC, coiled-coil; ETI, effector-triggered immunity; ETS, effector-triggered susceptibility; FRET, Förster resonance energy transfer; GEF, guanine exchange factor; HR, hypersensitive response; LRR, leucine-rich-repeat; MAMP, microbe-asso
Induction of reactive oxygen generation and functional changes in mitochondria and their involvement in the development of bacterial rot in lettuce caused by Pseudomonas cichorii
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Lactuca sativa; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Programmed cell death; Pseudomonas cichorii; Reactive oxygen species; Respiratory complexAA, antimycin A; BA, bongrekic acid; CsA, cyclosporine A; HAI, hour after infiltration; HR, hypersensitive response; LsLOX,
Surface lipids and plant defenses
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Defense mechanisms; Epidermis; Plant–pathogen interactions; Plant cuticle; Lipid signaling; WaxVLCFA, very long-chain fatty acid; PR gene, pathogenesis-related gene; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; HR, hypersensitive response; TTSS, type III secret
Exogenous spermidine, arsenic and β-aminobutyric acid modulate tobacco resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, and affect local and systemic glucosylsalicylic acid levels and arginine decarboxylase gene expression in tobacco leaves
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Arginine decarboxylase; Arsenic; Salicylic acid; Spermidine; Systemic acquired resistanceADC, arginine decarboxylase; As, arsenic; BABA, dl-β-aminobutyric acid; HR, hypersensitive response; PR, pathogenesis related; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SA, free
Cloning of a putative hypersensitive induced reaction gene from wheat infected by stripe rust fungus
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; cDNA, DNA complementary to RNA; HR, hypersensitive response; HIR, hypersensitive induced reaction; RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends; SPFH, Stomatins, Prohibitins, Flotillins and HflK/C; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; real t
The N-homologue LRR domain adopts a folding which explains the TMV-Cg-induced HR-like response in sensitive tobacco plants
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; HR, hypersensitive response; SHR, systemic HR; NH, homologous to N; N-LRR, leucine-rich repeat domain on N gene product; NH-LRR, leucine-rich repeat domain on NH gene product; NBS, nucleotide-binding site; TIR, Toll–interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor domain; T
Molecular characterization of cell death induced by a compatible interaction between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. linii and flax (Linum usitatissimum) cells
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Caspase; Flax (Linum usitatissimum); Fusarium oxysporum sp. linii; Programmed cell death; Nuclease; Reactive oxygen species; Secondary metabolitesDCG, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside; HR, hypersensitive response; LOX, lipoxygenase; PAL, phenylalanine
Strategies of attack and defense in plant–oomycete interactions, accentuated for Phytophthora parasitica Dastur (syn. P. Nicotianae Breda de Haan)
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Compatibility; Infection process; Phytophthora parasitica; Plant response; ResistanceCBEL, cellulose-binding, elicitor and lectin activity; EST, expressed sequence tag; HR, hypersensitive response; NEP, necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide; NLP, NEP-lik
New approaches for the analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana small RNAs
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Hypersensitive response; miRNA; Transposable elements; Stress; siRNAcDNA, complementary DNA; HR, hypersensitive response; nat-siRNAs, natural antisense transcript siRNAs; TE, transposable element; siRNA, short interfering RNA; sRNA, small RNA; ta-siRNAs,
The Bax lnhibitor-1 needs a functional electron transport chain for cell death suppression
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; BI-1, Bax inhibitor-1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; HR, hypersensitive response; SD, synthetic dextroseCell death; Bax inhibitor; Mutant; COX; Yeast; Apoptosis
Identifying, cloning and structural analysis of differentially expressed genes upon Puccinia infection of Festuca rubra var. rubra
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; Hsp70, heat shock protein 70 kDa; Rpg1, stem rust resistance protein; R, resistance; Avr, avirulence; PR, pathogenesis-related; NBS, nucleotide-binding site; LRR, leucine-rich repeat; HR, hypersensitive response; RO
Identification of a novel Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger protein as a component of a spermine-signaling pathway in tobacco
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Biotic stress; Polyamine catabolism; Spermine; Tobacco; Transcription factorAG, aminoguanidine; DAO, diamine oxidase; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; HR, hypersensitive response; LUC, firefly luciferase; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase;
Histochemical studies on the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (O2− and H2O2) in the incompatible and compatible interaction of wheat—Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; ABA, abscisic acid; DAB, 3,3-diaminobenzidine; dai, days after inoculation; hai, hours after inoculation; HR, hypersensitive response; NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species.Wheat; Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tr
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in plants
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; cNMP, 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide monophosphate; CaM, calmodulin; CNGC, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; CaMBD, CaM-binding domain; CNBD, cNMP-binding domain; HR, hypersensitive response; PR, pathogenesis related; WT, wild-typecAMP; cGMP; Ion channels; Signal
CITRX thioredoxin is a putative adaptor protein connecting Cf-9 and the ACIK1 protein kinase during the Cf-9/Avr9- induced defence response
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; Plant disease resistance; Cf-9; Thioredoxin; KinaseRLP, receptor-like protein; RLK, receptor-like kinase; eLRRs, extracellular leucine-rich repeats; Y2H, yeast two-hybrid; HR, hypersensitive response; MBP, maltose binding protein; GST, glutathione transfe
Decreased arginine and nitrite levels in nitrate reductase-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana plants impair nitric oxide synthesis and the hypersensitive response to Pseudomonas syringae
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; DAF-2DA, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; HR, hypersensitive response; (MGD)2Fe(II), N-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate iron complex; NR, nitrate reductase; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NiR, nitrite reductase; Psm,
An essential role for salicylic acid in AtMYB30-mediated control of the hypersensitive cell death program in Arabidopsis
Keywords: HR، پاسخ فوق العاده حساس; HR, hypersensitive response; SA, salicylic acid; PR, pathogenesis related; Pst, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato; it AtMYB30ox, AtMYB30 overexpressor; AtMYB30ko, AtMYB30 knock out mutant line; AtMYB30as, AtMYB30 antisense lineHypersensitive response; Progr