Electrical impedance spectroscopy on a needle for safer Veress needle insertion during laparoscopic surgery
Keywords: μEIS; micro-electrical impedance spectroscopy; μEoN-DP; microEIS-on-a-needle for depth profiling; VN; Veress needle; DI; discrimination index; PBS; phosphate buffered saline; RM-ANOVA; repeated-measures analysis of variance; CPE; constant phase element;