Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; IR, insulin receptor; Cav-2, caveolin-2; Cav-1, caveolin-1; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate-1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PM, plasma membrane; Hirc-B, human insulin receptor-overexpressed rat 1 fibroblast; 2-BP, 2-bromopalmitate; MβCD, methyl-β-cy
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Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; p85α, regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; p-IRS1tyr612, activating phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1; ER, estrogen receptor; GLUT, glucose transporter; Akt, protein kinase B; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor subst
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; IGF-IR, IGF-I receptor; IGF-IRK, IGF-IR kinase; IR, insulin receptor; IRK, IR kinase; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IRS-1, insulin-related substrate-1; EGF, epidermal growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth facto
Simvastatin inhibits glucose uptake activity and GLUT4 translocation through suppression of the IR/IRS-1/Akt signaling in C2C12 myotubes
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Simvastatin; Glucose transporter 4; Myotubes; IR-dependent IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway; New-onset diabetes; Rac1ML, mevalonolactone; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glu-taryl-CoA; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; GLUT4, glucose transporter me
Intranasal insulin protects against substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal loss and alleviates motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA in rats
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine; CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IR, insulin receptor; METH, methamphetamine; NTFs, neurotrophic factors; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PFA, paraformaldehyde; SN, substantia
Identification and evolution of two insulin receptor genes involved in Tribolium castaneum development and reproduction
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; IIS, Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling; IGF, Insulin-like growth factor; IR, Insulin receptor; IGFR, Insulin-like growth factor receptor; IRR, Insulin receptor-related receptor; RNAi, RNA interference; ORF, Open reading frame; RTK, Receptor
Impaired glucose tolerance attenuates bone accrual by promoting the maturation of osteoblasts: Role of Beclin1-mediated autophagy
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; AGEs, advanced glycation end products; IR, insulin receptor; Atg, autophagy-related proteins; ULK1/2, unc-like kinase; FIP200, focal adhesion; Beclin1, Bcl-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein; Ambra1, vacuole sort
Zinc stimulates glucose consumption by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in L6 myotubes: essential roles of Akt–GLUT4, GSK3β and mTOR–S6K1
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; IR, insulin receptor; GS, glycogen synthase; HS, horse serum; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; MAPK, mitogen-activated pro
Gangliosides of the Vertebrate Nervous System
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Neu5Ac, N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid); GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; IR, insulin receptor; MAG, myelin-associated glycoprotein; AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; CTB, cholera toxin B subunit; MS, mass spectrometry; MALDI
Insulin resistance in Alzheimer disease: Is heme oxygenase-1 an Achille's heel?
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; IGF-1, insulin growth factor isoform 1; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate isoform 1; HO-1/2, heme oxygenase isoform 1 or 2; BVR-A, biliverdin reductase isoform A; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; PCAD, preclinical Alzheimer disease; H
Geniposide attenuates insulin-deficiency-induced acceleration of β-amyloidosis in an APP/PS1 transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Aβ, β-amyloid; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; BACE1, β-site APP cleaving enzyme; βAPP, β-amyloid protein precursor; GLP-1R, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; IDE, insulin-degrading enzyme; IR, insulin receptor; IRS1/2, insulin receptor substrate 1/2; PBS, phosp
IRS2 and PTEN are key molecules in controlling insulin sensitivity in podocytes
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; F-actin, filamentous actin; IR, insulin receptor; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologDiabetic nephropathy; Podocytes; Insulin signaling; Glucose uptake
Enhanced insulin signaling in density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) knockout mice
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Density-enhanced phosphatase-1; Glucose homeostasis; Insulin signaling; Insulin resistance; PhosphorylationDEP-1, density-enhanced phosphatase-1; GTT, glucose tolerance test; HFD, high-fat diet; IL-6, interleukin 6; IR, insulin receptor; ITT, insulin tole
Synthesis, biological activity and structure–activity relationships of new benzoic acid-based protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors endowed with insulinomimetic effects in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Protein tyrosine phosphatases; Enzyme inhibitors; Insulinomimetic effects; Molecular docking; 5-Arylidene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives; 4-[(5-Arylidene-4-oxo-2-phenylimino/oxothiazolidin-3-yl)methyl]benzoic acids2-DOG, 2-deoxyglucose; IR, insulin receptor
Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of the phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1) gene in Tianfu goat
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; PID1, phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1; PTB, phosphotyrosine-binding; CUBN, cubilin; LRP1, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; ORF, open reading frame; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate-1; PI, phosphoty
Globular adiponectin activates Akt in cultured myocytes
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; gAdp, globular adiponectin; T2D, type-2 diabetes; Akt, protein kinase B; AMPK, AMP kinase; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; AdipoR1/R2, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2; L6, rat skeletal muscle cells; C2C12, mouse skeletal muscle ce
Hydrogen peroxide induces activation of insulin signaling pathway via AMP-dependent kinase in podocytes
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; AMPK, AMP-dependent kinase; CC, Compound C; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; IR, insulin receptor; IRS1, insulin receptor substrat 1; PI3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; PTP-ase, protein
(−)-Epicatechin prevents TNFα-induced activation of signaling cascades involved in inflammation and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; DIFM, differentiation medium; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases; IL, interleukin; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor subtrates-1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPK
Characterization of major elements of insulin signaling cascade in chicken adipose tissue: Apparent insulin refractoriness
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Akt or PKB, protein kinase B; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; Creb, cAMP response element binding protein; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; MAPK ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2; MAPK p38, p38 mitogen
The soybean peptide aglycin regulates glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice via IR/IRS1 pathway
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Akt, protein kinase B; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; IR, insulin receptor; IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1Aglycin; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Hypoglycemia; Insulin signaling
An inhibitory effect of resveratrol in the mitotic clonal expansion and insulin signaling pathway in the early phase of adipogenesis
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; CARS, multimodal Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering; CDK2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrat
EET agonist prevents adiposity and vascular dysfunction in rats fed a high fat diet via a decrease in Bach 1 and an increase in HO-1 levels
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; CYP, cytochrome P450; EETs, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids; NUDSA, EET agonist; HO, heme oxygenase; SnMP, stannous mesoporphyrin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; IR, insulin receptor; O2−, superoxide; sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolaseCytochrome P450; HO-1; Metaboli
New 4-[(5-arylidene-2-arylimino-4-oxo-3-thiazolidinyl)methyl]benzoic acids active as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors endowed with insulinomimetic effect on mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Enzyme inhibitor; Diabetes mellitus; Obesity; Protein tyrosine phosphatase; Insulinomimetic agent; Molecular dockingDM2, type 2 diabetes mellitus; 2-DOG, 2-deoxyglucose; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; JAK, Janus kinase; LMW-PTP, lo
Type 2 diabetes-related bioactivities of coffee: Assessment of antioxidant activity, NF-κB inhibition, and stimulation of glucose uptake
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; ABAP, 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride; CAA, cellular antioxidant activity; FBS, fetal bovine serum; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; HBSS, Hank’s balanced salt solution; IR, insulin receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; ORAC, oxygen radical
Oxidative stress and the etiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; AGE, advanced glycation end-products; ALA, α-lipoic acid; ANG II, angiotensin II; AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; IKKβ, IκB kinase β; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substra
The evolution of insulin resistance in muscle of the glucose infused rat
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; ACC, acetyl CoA carboxylase; AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AS160, Akt substrate of 160KDa; DAG, diacylglycerol; EDL, extensor digitorum longus, GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin rece
Increased expression of three-repeat isoforms of tau contributes to tau pathology in a rat model of chronic type 2 diabetes
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; AD, Alzheimer's disease; AP, amyloid plaque; Dyrk-1, dual-specificity tyrosine (Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; IR, insulin receptor; LETO, Long–Evans Tokushima Otsuka; NFT, neurofibrillary tangle; OLETF, Otsuka
Diethyl hexyl phthalate-induced changes in insulin signaling molecules and the protective role of antioxidant vitamins in gastrocnemius muscle of adult male rat
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; DEHP, diethyl hexyl phthalate; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; AS160, Akt substrate 160; GLUT4, glucose transporter protein 4; LPO, lipid peroxidation; RIA, radioimmunoassay; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction;
Mechanism of anti-hyperglycemic action of Vatairea macrocarpa (Leguminosae): Investigation in peripheral tissues
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; VmE, Vatairea macrocarpa stem-bark ethanolic extract; DC, diabetes control; DT, diabetes treated; RET, retroperitoneal adipose tissue; EDL, extensor digitorum longus; IR, insulin receptor; AKT, protein kinase B/AKT; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinas
A novel adipokine GM2AP impairs insulin signaling
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; GM2AP, ganglioside GM2 activator protein; Hex A, β-hexosaminidase A; NGF, nerve growth factor; IR, insulin receptor; BMI, body mass index; 2-DG, 2-deoxy-glucose; PAF, platelet activating factorGM2AP; Adipokine; Insulin; Caveolin; NGF
Oligomers of grape-seed procyanidin extract activate the insulin receptor and key targets of the insulin signaling pathway differently from insulin
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Akt, protein kinase B; CHO-IR cells, Chinese hamster ovaric cells overexpressing the human insulin receptor; EGCG, epigallocatechin-gallate; Glut4, glucose transporter type 4; GSPE, grape-seed procyanidin extract; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, Insulin recept
Modulation of hypothalamic PTP1B in the TNF-α-induced insulin and leptin resistance
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; icv, intracerebroventricular infusion; PTP1B, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1BPTP1B; Insulin action; Insulin signaling
Acute exercise reverses aged-induced impairments in insulin signaling in rodent skeletal muscle
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Akt, protein kinase B/Akt; IkBα, IkappaBalpha Kinase; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; JNK, c-jun N-terminal Kinase; PI3-K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTP-1B, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B; SIRT1, silent mating type information
Effect of zinc on regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; PC-3, human prostatic carcinoma cell line; IGFs, insulin-like growth factors; IGF-IR, IGF type I receptor; IGFBPs, IGF binding proteins; IRS, Insulin receptor substrate; IR, insulin receptor; PI-3 K, phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase; ERK, extracellular regu
Membrane microdomains and insulin resistance
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; DRM, detergent resistant membrane microdomains; Cav1, caveolin-1; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; SAT-I, GM3 synthase; FRAP, fluorescence recovery after photobleeching; GEM, glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomainsGanglioside; GM3; I
Proteome profile in Myotonic Dystrophy type 2 myotubes reveals dysfunction in protein processing and mitochondrial pathways
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; DM2, Myotonic Dystrophy type 2; IR, insulin receptor; 2D-GE, 2D gel electrophoresis; GAPDH, glyceraldeyde-3-P-dehydrogenase; PDI, protein disulfide isomerase; CLIC1, chloride intracellular channel 1; EFTu, Elongation Factor Tu; PSA6, proteasome subunit al
Two insulin-like peptide family members from the mosquito Aedes aegypti exhibit differential biological and receptor binding activities
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; BSA, bovine serum albumin; ILP, insulin-like peptides; DIR, Drosophila insulin receptor; GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor; IGFs, insulin-like growth factors; IGFR, insulin growth factor-like receptor; IR, insulin receptor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein
High glucose induces suppression of insulin signalling and apoptosis via upregulation of endogenous IL-1β and suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 in mouse pancreatic beta cells
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; FoxO, Forkhead family of transcription factors; IL-1β, Interleukin-1β; IL-1R, Interleukin-1β receptor; IFN-γ, γ-interferon; IR, Insulin receptor; IRS, Insulin receptor substrate; JAK, Janus-kinase; NF-κB, Nuclear factor-κB; PKB/Akt, Protein kinase B; SOCS
Angiotensin-induced EGF receptor transactivation inhibits insulin signaling in C9 hepatic cells
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Ang II, angiotensin II; AT1R, angiotensin type 1 receptor; EGF, epidermal growth factor; GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors; GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase-3; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; IR, insulin receptor; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3
All-Atom Structural Models for Complexes of Insulin-Like Growth Factors IGF1 and IGF2 with Their Cognate Receptor
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; IGF1R, type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor; MD, molecular dynamics; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IR, insulin receptor; CR, cysteine rich; SAXS, small-angle X-ray scattering; RMSF, root-mean-square fluctuation; BSA, buried surface area; MC, Mont
Structure-based virtual screening approach to identify novel classes of PTP1B inhibitors
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, PTP1B; Structure–activity relationship; Virtual screeningPTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase; IR, insulin receptor; pNPP, p-nitrophenyl phosphate; SAR, structure–activity relationship
Oxidant stress-induced loss of IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins in rat skeletal muscle: Role of p38 MAPK
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; 2-DG, 2-deoxyglucose; GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase-3; KHB, Krebs–Henseleit buffer; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate-1; p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseSoleus muscle; Insuli
Cinnamon extract inhibits the postprandial overproduction of apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins in fructose-fed animals
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; apoB48, apolipoprotein B48; CE, cinnamon extract; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, IR substrate-1; MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; TRL, triglyceride rich lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.Cinnamon Extract; Postprandial apob-48; In
Novel insulin-like growth factor-methotrexate covalent conjugate inhibits tumor growth in vivo at lower dosage than methotrexate alone
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; EDC, 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride; FACS, fluorescent activated cell sorting; FCS, fetal calf serum; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGFPBs, circulating IGF-binding proteins; IR, insulin receptor; MTX, methotrexate; SDS-PAGE
Resistin and insulin resistance in hepatocytes: Resistin disturbs glycogen metabolism at the protein level
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; Resistin; Hepatocyte; Type 2 diabetesGS, glycogen synthase; GP, glycogen phosphorylase; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; GK, glucokinase; IR, insulin receptor
Cytoskeletal components enhance the autophosphorylation of retinal insulin receptor
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; IR, insulin receptor; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; IRβ, IR beta subunit; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; STZ, streptozotocin; ROS, rod outer segments; IPs, immunoprecipitates; G-actin, globular actin; F-actin, filamentous actin; SDM, site-di
Sphingolipids and membrane environments for caveolin
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; IR, insulin receptor; PAG, phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipids; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinasesCaveolae; Caveolin-1; Sp
Absence of a differentiation defect in muscle satellite cells from DM2 patients
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; DM, Myotonic dystrophy; PROMM, Proximal myotonic myopathy; PDM, proximal myotonic dystrophy; cDM, Congenital myotonic dystrophy; IR, Insulin receptor; FISH, Fluorescent in situ hybridization; MBNL, Muscleblind; hnRNP-H, heterogeneous ribonuclear protein H
Alterations of insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes: A review of the current evidence from humans
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; aPKCs, atypical protein kinases C; GS, glycogen synthase; GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase-3; IR, insulin receptor; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PDK1, phosphoinositide-dependent pr
Peroxynitrite mediates muscle insulin resistance in mice via nitration of IRβ/IRS-1 and Akt
Keywords: IR، گیرنده انسولین; BSA, bovine serum albumin; ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence; HFD, high-fat diet; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IP, immunoprecipitation; IR, insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; NC, normal chow; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NT, nitroty