
Keywords: ABC-BIL; bifunctional ionic liquid; CAPEX; capital expenditure; CHON; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; CMPO; octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide; CRE; critical rare earth; D2EHPA; di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid; DHOA; N,N-d