Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; DBS, Deep Brain Stimulation; GPe, globus pallidus externus; GPi, globus pallidus internus; LSD, least significant difference; M1, primary motor cortex; PMC, premotor cortex; S1, primary sensory cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; SSMA, supplementary se
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Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; aMT, active motor threshold; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; EMG, electromyogram; FDI, first dorsal interosseous; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; ISI, interstimulus interval; M1, primary motor cortex; MEP, motor-evoked potential; rMT, resting motor thresho
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; AMT, active motor threshold; CS, conditioning stimulation; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; ISIs, interstimulus intervals; LICI, long-interval intracortical inhibition; LTP, long-term potentiation; M1, primary motor cortex; MEP, motor-evoked potential; RMT,
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; dPMC, dorsal premotor cortex; EPX, lateral endpoint error; IDE, initial directional error; LQ, laterality quotient; M1, primary motor cortex; RMSE, root mean squared errormotor adaptation; lateralization; direction control; endpoint control; upper limb; m
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; 3D, three-dimensional; ANOVA, analysis of variance; DAB, 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine; IBA-1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; M1, primary motor cortex; NA, numericalaperture; P, postnatal day; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; S1, primary somatosensory
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; CB, calbindin; CCK, cholecystokinin; CMS, chronic mild stress; CR, calretinin; DLO, dorsolateral orbitofrontal cortex; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; LO, lateral orbitofrontal cortex; M1, primary motor cortex; MO, medial orbitofrontal cortex; mPFC, medial
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation; a-tDCS, anodal transcranial direct current stimulation; s-tDCS, sham transcranial direct current stimulation; M1, primary motor cortex; DBT, dynamic balance task; TD, training day; TiB, time in balance; RMSE,
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; CDT, cool detection threshold; CPT, cold pain threshold; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; HPT, heat pain threshold; M1, primary motor cortex; MEP, motor evoked potentials; rANOVA, repeated measures analys
Does interhemispheric communication relate to the bilateral function of muscles? A study of scapulothoracic muscles using transcranial magnetic stimulation
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; M1, primary motor cortex; MVC, maximum voluntary contraction; IHI, interhemispheric inhibition; IHF, interhemispheric facilitation; C-T interval, condition-test interval; AMT, active motor threshold; FDI, first dors
Changes in the location of cortico-muscular coherence following stroke
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; CMC, cortico-muscular coherence; MEG, magnetoencephalography; EMG, electromyography; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; M1, primary motor cortex; PCA, principal component analysis; MVC, maximum voluntary c
Adaptive gene expression changes on the healthy side of parkinsonian rats
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine; D1R, D1-class dopamine receptor; D2R, D2-class dopamine receptor; DAT, dopamine transporter; DYN, dynorphin; ENK, enkephalin; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; M1, primary motor cortex; MFB, medial forebrain bundle; NR, NMDA glutamater
Changes in hemodynamic responses in chronic stroke survivors do not affect fMRI signal detection in a block experimental design
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; AFNI, analysis of function images software; BOLD, blood oxygen level-dependent; C, control; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; HDR, hemodynamic responses; L, left; M1, primary motor cortex; MANOVA, multivariate analysis of variance; MEG, magneto
Amphetamine's dose-dependent effects on dorsolateral striatum sensorimotor neuron firing
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; DLS, dorsolateral striatum; FR, firing rate; DAT, dopamine transporter; SERT, serotonin transporter; NET, norepinephrine transporter; M1, primary motor cortex; S1, primary somatosensory cortex; SBP neuron, single body part neuron; PETH, peri-event time hi
Hindlimb unloading affects cortical motor maps and decreases corticospinal excitability
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; HU, hindlimb unloading; M1, primary motor cortex; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; C, control; EMG, electromyographicMotor cortex; Excitability; Somatotopy; Disuse; Bed-rest
Neuronal–glial alterations in non-primary motor areas in chronic subcortical stroke
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; mI, myo-inositol; Glx, glutamate + glutamine; PMd, dorsal premotor cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; M1, primary motor cortex; FMUE, Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity test1H-MRS; Neuronal and glial compartments; Non-primary motor are
The role of the dopamine D2 receptor in descending control of pain induced by motor cortex stimulation in the neuropathic rat
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; A11, hypothalamic A11 cell group; D2R, dopamine D2 receptor; M1, primary motor cortex; NS, nociceptive-specific; WDR, wide-dynamic rangeDescending pathways; Dopamine D2 receptor; Dopaminergic pain modulation; Motor cortex stimulation; Nociceptive-specific
Functional impact of interneuronal inhibition in the cerebral cortex of behaving animals
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; FS, fast-spiking; RS, regular-spiking; LS, late-spiking; LTS, low-threshold spiking; S1, somatosensory cortex; V1, primary visual cortex; M1, primary motor cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; GABA, γ-amino butyric acid; ITC, inferior temporal cortex; PP1, put
Role of the primary motor cortex in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and its modulation by 5-HT1A receptor stimulation
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; Primary motor cortex; Parkinson’s disease; l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia; Serotonin; c-FosDA, Dopamine; PD, Parkinson’s disease; LID, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia; 5-HT, Serotonin; 5-HT1AR, Serotonin 1A receptor; M1, Primary motor cortex; PFC, Prefrontal cortex;
Changes occur in resting state network of motor system during 4 weeks of motor skill learning
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent; DF, degree of freedom; EPI, echo-planar-imaging; FOV, field of view; FWE, family-wise error; FWHM, full-width at half-maximum; GIFT, Group ICA of fMRI Toolbox; M1, primary motor cortex; MDL,
Mild musculoskeletal and locomotor alterations in adult rats with white matter injury following prenatal ischemia
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; ADHD, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder; APP, amyloid precursor protein; CP, cerebral palsy; E17, embryonic day 17; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; HI, hypoxia-ischemia; M1, primary motor cortex; PI, prenatal ischemia; P0, postnatal day 0; S
Multimodal transcranial magnetic stimulation: Using concurrent neuroimaging to reveal the neural network dynamics of noninvasive brain stimulation
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; aMT, active motor threshold; BOLD, blood oxygenation-level dependent; PFC, prefrontal cortex; EEG, electroencephalogram; FEF, frontal eye field; (f)MRI, (functional) magnetic resonance imaging; GMFA, global mean field amplitude; M1, primary motor cortex;
Roles of the rostroventromedial medulla and the spinal 5-HT1A receptor in descending antinociception induced by motor cortex stimulation in the neuropathic rat
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; M1, primary motor cortex; RVM, rostroventromedial medullaDescending inhibition; Peripheral neuropathy; Primary motor cortex; Rostroventromedial medulla; Spinal nociception; 5-HT1A receptor
Opposite effect of phencyclidine on activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) in juvenile and adult limbic rat brain regions
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; ACCcore, core of the nucleus accumbens; ACCshell, shell of the nucleus accumbens; Arc, activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein; CA1, CA1 region of the hippocampus; dlSTR, dorsolateral striatum; M1, primary motor cortex; mPFC, medial prefrontal
Surround inhibition is modulated by task difficulty
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; APB, abductor pollicis brevis muscle; CRT, choice reaction time task; PMd, dorsal premotor cortex; FDI, first dorsal interosseous muscle; Fmax, maximum force; MEP, motor evoked potentials; PMI, premotor–motor inhibition; M1, primary motor cortex; SICI, sh
Effects of simvastatin and 6-hydroxydopamine on histaminergic H1 receptor binding density in rat brains
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; 6-OHDA, 6-Hydroxydopamine; AcbC, Accumbens core; AN, Anorexia nervosa; CPu, Caudate putamen; GPCR, G protein coupled receptors; M1, Primary motor cortex; Mep, Medial posterodorsal nuclei of posterior amygdala; MFB, Medial forebrain bundle; PBS, Phosphorat
Carbohydrate in the mouth immediately facilitates motor output
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; BB, biceps brachii; CHO, carbohydrate treatment; PLA, placebo treatment; M1, primary motor cortex; MEP, motor evoked potential; MVF, maximal voluntary force production; RM ANOVA, repeated measures analyses of variance; SP, Silent Period; TMS, transcranial
Arm movement maps evoked by cortical magnetic stimulation in a robotic environment
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; motor cortex; mapping; transcranial magnetic stimulation; roboticsAD, anterior deltoid; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BB, biceps brachii; EMG, electromyogram; MEP, motor evoked potential; M1, primary motor cortex; PD, posterior deltoid; TB, triceps brachii
Expertise with pathological actions modulates a viewer's motor system
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; mirror neurons; action understanding; transcranial magnetic stimulation; motor system; dystoniaADM, abductor digiti minimi; FCR, flexor carpi radialis; FDI, first dorsal interosseus; M1, primary motor cortex; MEP, motor evoked potentials; rMT, resting mot
Multimodal representation of optic flow in area PEc of macaque monkey
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; optic flow; eye position; visual perception; heading perception; parietal cortexFOE, focus of expansion; FP, fixation point; MF, first monkey; MG, second monkey; MST, medial superior temporal; M1, primary motor cortex; PMd, dorsal premotor cortex; RF, rec
Dopaminergic signals in primary motor cortex
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; M1, primary motor cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; DA, dopamine; NA, noradrenaline; D1R, dopamine receptor type 1; D2R, dopamine receptor type 2; D3R, dopamine receptor type 3; VTA, ventral tegmental area; TH, tyrosin hydroxylase; PAS, paired associative s
Mirror-Induced Visual Illusion of Hand Movements: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; Brain mapping; Motor activity; Neurology; Neurosciences; Rehabilitation; Visual perceptionEPI, echo-planar imaging; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; M1, primary motor cortex; MNS, mirror neuron system; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PMC, pre
Motor control over the phantom limb in above-elbow amputees and its relationship with phantom limb pain
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; phantom limb movement; EMG; motor plasticity; primary motor cortexEMG, electromyographic/electromyography; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; M1, primary motor cortex; PLP, phantom limb pain; ROM, range of motion; VAS, visual analog scale
Dopaminergic Modulation of Motor Maps in Rat Motor Cortex: An In Vivo Study
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; dopamine; somatotopy; motor cortex; stimulation mapping; multielectrode arrayDA, dopamine; IPSC, inhibitory post-synaptic current; M1, primary motor cortex; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; PD, Parkinson's disease; PFC, prefrontal cortex; SCH 23390, R-(+),8-ch
Exposure to GSM 900 MHz electromagnetic fields affects cerebral cytochrome c oxidase activity
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; IL, infralimbic cortex; PrL, prolimbic cortex; M1, primary motor cortex; M2, secondary motor cortex; Cg1, cingulated cortex area 1; Cg2, cingulated cortex area 2; LSD, dorsal part of lateral septal nucleus; LSV, ventral part of lateral septal nucleus; MS,
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary somatosensory cortex differentially modulates perception and sensorimotor transformations
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; continuous tracking; discrete detection; sensory-guided; visual; tactileANOVA, analysis of variance; CS, conditioning stimulus; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; M1, primary motor cortex; RMT, resting motor thre
Extraction and localization of mesoscopic motor control signals for human ECoG neuroprosthetics
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; ECoG, electrocorticogram; EEG, electroencephalogram; BMI, brain–machine interface; BCI, brain–computer interface; P, posterior parietal cortex; M1, primary motor cortex; PM, premotor cortex; S, somatosensory cortexElectrocorticogram; ECoG; Brain–machine i
Neural correlates of regional EEG power change
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyogram; EOG, electro-oculogram; ERD, event-related desynchronization; ERS, event-related synchronization; FWHM, full width at half-maximum; M1, primary motor cortex; PET, positron emi
Observations on the giraffe central nervous system related to the corticospinal tract, motor cortex and spinal cord: What difference does a long neck make?
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; evolution; Mammalia; movement; spinal cord; striatum; immunohistochemistryCGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; GRP-BN-like, gastrin releasing peptide-bombesin-like; IML, intermediate lateral; M1, primary motor cortex; NGS, normal goat serum; PB, phospha
Cerebro-muscular and cerebro-cerebral coherence in patients with pre- and perinatally acquired unilateral brain lesions
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; MEG, magnetoencephalography; EMG, electromiogram; M1, primary motor cortex; Cb, cerebellum; CMCoh, cerebro-muscular coherence; LCMVB, linear constrained minimum variance beamformerMEG; Coherence; Brain lesions; Oscillations; Synchronization
A network for audio–motor coordination in skilled pianists and non-musicians
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; CMA, cingulate motor area; HG, Heschl's gyrus; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; M1, primary motor cortex; NL, nucleus lentiformis; PM(d), (dorsal) premotor cortex; PM(v), (ventral) premotor cortex; PP, planum polare; PT, planum temporale; SII, secondary somat
The novelty value of the combined use of electroencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuroscience research
Keywords: M1، قشر اولیه مغز; BOLD, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent; EEG, electroencephalography; EMG, electromyography; GMFA, global mean field amplitude; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MT, motor threshold; M1, primary motor cortex; NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy; PET, positron