
(â)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid protect renal proximal tubular cell against high glucose-induced oxidative stress by modulating NOX-4/SIRT-1 signalling
Keywords: Antioxidant defences; Colonic-derived flavonoid metabolites; Epicatechin; NRK-52E cells; Oxidative injury; Signalling pathways; CAT; catalase; DHBA; 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; DHPAA; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; DPI; diphenyleneiodonium; EC; (â)-epic